American Artists have made an increasing impact on the international art scene in synch with the rise of the United States as a political power. America was initially seen as an artistic backwater in the 19th century, with many American artists choosing to emigrate to Europe to study and work, but in the 20th century American artists rose to prominence through the Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art movements.
The most important American art movement of the early to mid 19th century was the Hudson River School of landscape painters, including Thomas Cole and Frederick Edwin Church. An offshoot of the Hudson River School in the mid to late 19th century was Luminism, with its most important exponent being Albert Bierstadt. In the later 19th century, many American artists went to Europe, particularly to Paris, to absorb and be educated in the European art traditions, with many, such as Mary Cassatt, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, and John Singer Sarget, choosing to stay there as ex-patriots. The most important 19th century American artists who chose to stay in America and who were to be a significant influence on later American art were Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins.

In the early 20th century, the influence of the American realism of Homer and Eakins was felt by the Ashcan School and related artists, such as John Sloan and Edward Hopper. In the mid-20th century, Abstract Expressionism, centered in New York City, became the predominant art movement, not only in the United States, but world-wide as well. Important Abstract Expressionist and closely related artists included Jackson Pollack, Georgia O'Keeffe, and Franz Kline. A later offshoot of Abstract Expressionism was Minimalism. In the later 20th century, Pop Art took over as the predominant art movement, with two of its most important exponents being Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein. A later offshoot of Pop Art was Op Art. Also, in the later 20th century, arising in reaction against modernism and abstraction was Contemporary Realism, with Andrew Wyeth as its most important exponent.
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