Fine Art Movements and Genres
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Featured Fine Art Movements
Impressionism got its name from a painting by Claude Monet, titled Sunrise, Impression. The Impressionists were a group of artists in Paris, starting around 1860, who rebelled against the academic art of their day. Principal Impressionist artists include Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Mary Cassatt, and Camille Pissaro. The term is also often used to describe artists who were directly influenced by the original Impressionists and who paint in an impressionistic manner.
Post-Impressionism is essentially a continuation of the Impressionism movement, but with a greater emphasis on color theory, structure, and expression. Principal Post-Impressionist artists include Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec. Neo-Impressionism (or Pointillism) is generally included in the Post-Impressionist movement, with Georges Seurat and Paul Signac as the most important painters in that style.
Pop Art is a late 20th century art movement that originated in New York City, reflecting the power of popular culture and commercial advertising to reshape life and society. Principal members include Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, and Jim Dine. Pop Art evolved from the earlier Dadaism movement (and has even been called Neo-Dadaism). Related art movements include Op Art, Photo-Realism, and Conceptual Art.
Surrealism is a 20th century literary and art movement that evolved from the earlier Symbolist and Dada art movements under the influence of the pyschological theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, attempting to depict the inner, or dream world, as being more real (or "surreal") than the material world of our everyday sensations. In this sense, Surrealism is a kind of inverted Impressionism. Principal members include Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, M.C. Escher, Joan Miro, Max Ernst, and Alberto Giacometti.
Art Nouveau (or "New Art") is a multi-disciplinary art movement encompassing art, architecture, and design originating in Paris and Vienna in the late 19th early 20th centuries, but which quickly became an international art movement. Art Nouveau is characterized by the use of flowing and undulating curves and floral- and plant-inspired forms. Principal Art Nouveau artists include include Gustav Klimt, Alphonse Mucha, Aubrey Beardsley, Koloman Moser, Louis Tiffany, and Charles Mackintosh.
Realism as applied to the visual arts was coined by the French Realist painter Gustav Courbet in the mid-19th century. French Realism was a reaction against the anti-naturalistic tendencies of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism. American Realism is exemplified by Winslow Homer, Thomas Eakins, and Edward Hopper.
Contemporary Realism is a mid- to late-20th century art movement focused on representational art mostly depicting rural and country scenes, with an emphasis on traditional craft and art techniques, often in watercolor. Some of the principal adherants of the Contemporary Realism school of art include Andrew Wyeth, Jamie Wyeth, Ray Ellis, Bob Timberlake, Peter Sculthorpe, Pauline Campanelli, and Ray Hendershot. Artists who have influenced Contemporary Realism include Edward Hopper, Winslow Homer, and Thomas Eakins.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood is a late 19th to early 20th century art movement with the stated intent of returning to the methods, techniques, and subject matter of Raphael and other Renaissance (pre-Mannerist) artists. Pre-Raphaelite subject matter was heavily influenced by Romanticism. Principal members include John William Waterhouse, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, Frederick Leighton, Frank Dicksee, and William Holman Hunt. Pre-Raphaelite art is closely related to 19th century academic artists, such as William Bouguereau, as well as to Art Nouveau artists, such as Gustav Klimt.
Expressionism is not the name of a particular art movement, but a characteristic shared by several art movements, including Fauvism, German Expressionism, the Blue Rider school, the Die Brucke school, and the School of Paris, tending to emphasize the emotional over mere visual depiction, through by distorting natural shapes, forms, or colors. Some important artists who painted in an expressionistic style include Raoul Dufy, Marc Chagall, Wassily Kandinsky, and Egon Schiele. Expressionist artists were influenced by Post-Impressionism.
Old Masters refers to pre-19th century art movements, including the Early Renaissance, the High Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance, Baroque Art, Rococo Art, Neo-Classicism, and Romanticism.
Featured Fine Art Genres
Abstract Art is a genre of art that encompasses many substrains, including Cubism, Neo-Plasticism, Abstract Expressionism, Abstract Impressionism, Action Painting, Constructivism, Op Art, etc. Abstract art can be either art that subordinates the subject to abstract design or that eliminates the subject altogether. Some principal abstract artists include Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miro, Piet Mondrian, Wassily Kandinsky, Georgia O'Keeffe, Mark Rothko, Helen Frankenthaler, Franz Kline, and Jackson Pollack.
African American Art as an important American genre of art goes back to the artists of the Harlem Rennaissance in the 1930s, including Jacob Lawrence, Romare Beardon, Bernard Hoyes, and Ellis Wilson. Other important African American artists include Frank Morrison, Justin Bua, Laverne Ross, and Laurie Cooper.
Women Artists have often been overlooked in the history of art, but women painters, sculptors, and other artists have made a significant contribution from the Renaissance to today. Some of the more important women artists are Marie Vigee-Lebrun, Rosa Bonheur, Berthe Morisot, Mary Cassatt, Georgia O'Keeffe, Frida Kahlo, Frida Kahlo, and Helen Frankenthaler.
Landscape is one of the most popular traditional art genres. The art of the landscape has progressed from being a backdrop for a historical, allegorical, mythological, or religious scenes to being treated as a subject in its own right. Some of the great landscape painters include Claude Lorrain (also known as Claude Gellee), Jacob Ruisdael, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. Camille Pissarro was a student of Corot's and many of the other Impressionists, believing in painting en plein air, gravitated toward naturalistic landscape painting.
Still Lifes have a long history in art, but have been especially popular since the 17th century, the time when landscape painting began to emerge as an independent genre. Two of the greatest still life painters include Jean-Baptiste Chardin and Paul Cezanne. Besides Cezanne, still life was particularly popular with the Impressionist and a href="post-impressionism.html">Post-Impressionist painters such as Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Vincent Van Gogh.
Photography has emerged in the 20th century as a major art form. Major fine art photographers include Alfred Steiglitz, Imogen Cunningham, Ansel Adams, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Doisneau, and O. Winston Link.
Maritime Art s a genre focused on depicting the ships of the line, clipper ships, classic racing yachts, and other tall ships. Some principal maritime artists include Montague Dawson, Geoff Hunt, Robert Radcliffe, Henry Scott, Frank Smith, Tim Thompson, and Geoffrey Huband.
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