Op Art, Minimalism & Color Field Art
The Op Art movement occurred roughly at the same time as the Pop Art movement. Because of that, and the closeness in pronunciation between the two terms, the two movements have tended to be associated with each other. The roots of Op Art are European, with Victor Vasarely, a French-Hungarian artist often called the "Father of Op Art," and Bridget Riley, a British artist who was influenced by Vasarely, being early proponents of the Op Art style in painting. Vasarely was influenced by Constructivism and the Bauhaus. M.C. Escher is also sometimes associated with Op Art, although he's primarily considered to be a Surrealist. Its main influence was in America, in the form of the Minimalism art movement, which included Frank Stella, Ellsworth Kelly, and Barnett Newman. Minimalism was also influenced by the Abstract-Expressionism of Mark Rothko and Joseph Albers. A movement that was parellel to, and often overlapping, Minimalism was Color Field Painting, a term coined by the art critic, Clement Greenberg, to distinguish it from Action Painting. Artists often described as Color Field painters include Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, and Sol LeWitt.
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Victor Vasarely was born in 1906 in Pecs, Hungary. He died in 1997 in Paris, France. He studied applied graphics art in Budapest before moving to Paris in 1930, where he worked as a graphic artist for an advertising company. He created paintings with Op Art elements as early as 1937, although he's best known for his works from the 1950s on. [More...]
Barnett Newman was born in 1905 in New York City, the son of Russian Jewish emigrants. Originally studying philosophy at the City College of New York, he never formally studied art. He wrote reviews and exhibition catalog forwards before he exhibited himself, having his first one-man show in 1948. His most noted works employ broad swaths, and later flat planes, of color separated by vertical lines, paintings he called "zips." Newman was also a scuptor, with Broken Obelisk as his best known scupture. [More...]
Frank Stella was born in 1936 in Malden, Massachusetts. He attended Princeton University, where he majored in history, but minored in art. Moving to New York City in 1958, he was initially influenced by Jackson Pollack and Franz Kline, he was later attracted to the works of Barnett Newman and Jasper Johns. One of his innovations was the creation of "shaped canvases," which broke up the traditional rectangular shape. [More...]
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References & Sources
- Op Art by Wikipedia.
- Minimalism by Wikipedia.
- Color Field Painting by ArtLex.com.
- Victor Vasarely by ArtNet.com.
- Victor Vasarely by Vasarely.com.
- Pop Art
at AllPosters.com.
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